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Respirable particulate matter and hazardous


Institute of Biological Engineering, Lanzhou 730070) Abstract In this paper, interior decoration materials, hazardous substances - formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, radon and radioactive materials from their source, nature, harmful effects on the human body, has done a poisoning mechanism discussed proposed in the interior decoration to create Keywords interior decoration materials, hazardous substances with the development of science and technology, home interior decoration of the quality and level in the continuous improvement of people's living conditions more comfortable, more beautiful living environment. At the same time, has gradually attracted attention there have been some problems, one of which is the interior decoration materials harmful substances, and the harm caused. In recent years, cases of poisoning, indoor air pollution have occurred. Home decoration materials harmful substances, mainly for the following 4 species: formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, radon. 1 Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is a colorless gas, with a special pungent odor, soluble in water and ethanol. Widely used in plastics and synthetic fiber industry, a large number for the manufacture of phenolic resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, polyvinyl acetal fibers (Vinyl) and so on. Currently, a variety of artificial board, adhesives, wallpaper and so contain formaldehyde, while formaldehyde is the world recognized the potential carcinogen, it irritates the eyes and respiratory tract mucosa, etc., eventually leading to immune dysfunction, liver damage, lung damage and central nervous system affected, but also cause fetal abnormalities. Now a lot of furniture are made Daixinban, multi-layer plywood, MDF system to do. The extensive use of adhesive sheet, and the main pollutants are formaldehyde adhesives, formaldehyde release of up to 3 years to 5 years, the interior decoration 1 year to 2 years after the formaldehyde can not be completely evaporated, leading to excessive indoor harmful gas . Formaldehyde is a protoplasmic poison, the respiratory tract by inhalation of gas, liquid absorbed by the digestive tract, and in many organizations, especially the liver and red blood cells are rapidly oxidized to formic acid, salts from the urine in the form of a discharge. Formaldehyde major role in the nervous system, skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosa contact with rapid emergence response, a clear stimulation. The role of formaldehyde in different functional groups,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the occurrence of polymerization reactions, the formation of coagulation necrosis. Formaldehyde in the tissues, especially liver and red blood cells rapidly oxidized to formic acid in the process can cause tissue damage. Poisoning coma early stage, may be due to formic acid and lactic acid caused by metabolic acidosis. Formaldehyde on the optic nerve has a special selection, as well as anesthesia. In addition, the skin, mucous membrane has some stimulating effect, which is the role of formaldehyde in protein, amino acid related. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde vapor, there may be headache, fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, feeling disorders. Disease may have abnormal body perspiration,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], heart rate, can also cause asthma, pupil dilation, blurred vision,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], optic neuritis, optic atrophy, vision loss and fundus changes and so on. It can also inhibit the secretion of sweat glands, skin dry, chapped easily, palm hyperkeratosis. If irritating to the skin can cause dermatitis, erythema, papules, and a softening of paronychia and nail symptoms. Water vapor to form sulfuric acid mist a very fine, to deeper into respiratory tract, and promote the dissolution of toxic substances on the lung are more toxic effect; second 0.5I. zm ~ 5m of the particles and not dissolved pollutants can be directly deposited into the alveoli and in the lungs, is absorbed by cancer cells, invasive cells, the formation of pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis due to dust the product of different types vary from inhalation of coal ash to form coal workers lung, glass or silicate powder processing plant workers, inhalation of dust formation of silicosis, asbestosis and other asbestos workers susceptible. Inhalable particulate matter is also easy to produce secondary pollution, atmospheric sulfur compounds hydrogen sulfide is unstable,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], there are particles in the presence of conditions, can be rapidly oxidized to sulfur dioxide, the particles containing iron, vanadium, nickel and other compounds in the air conditions play a role in oxidation catalyst to speed up the process of sulfur dioxide into acid rain, the formation of secondary pollution. England have been frequent incidents of soot, the most serious one is December 5, 1962 began, which lasted 5 days more than 4,000 people died in the incident. London smoke is heating by the living, factory emissions of soot, sulfur dioxide and winter morning fog hand in hand. Constitute a pollution incident sulfur dioxide and soot, sulfuric acid mist is mainly secondary pollutants and sulfate aerosols. Therefore, the protection of the environment to reduce pollution, we must reduce all kinds of dust, smoke emissions and produce.
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