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The numerous types of inclusions include needles, cracks,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], twinning,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], halos and silk. Types of inclusions include scratches,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], pits, nicks and abrasions.
Color
Rubies are always red (if it is any other color it is referred to as a Sapphire) and the most highly valued rubies will be bright crimson red in color; Pinkish or purplish rubies, or rubies that are too dark will be worth less. Pigeon blood red rubies are the most expensive.
Cut
Perfectly cut rubies are nigh on impossible to get hold of in the open marketplace,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], primarily because they are very rare or because the ones found naturally are often too wide or flat.
Rubies that have been well-cut will dazzle the human eye with their sparkle; their facets (flat faces on the ruby) have been cut at the correct angles act as mirrors by bouncing light.
Signs of uneven facets on a ruby are typically signs of inaccurate cutting. Similarly, if the base of the ruby is not cut correctly, you can see through the ruby - this is normally referred to as "fish-eye".
Lastly,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], if a ruby is dull and does not sparkle, it is a good indication that it has not been cut well.

Carat
The carat of a ruby is often mentioned when talking with reference to the size of the gem; it is a measure of the weight of various gemstones. The carat is generally denoted by the abbreviation "ct",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and one carat is equivalent to 200 milligrams. Gemstones are measured to the nearest hundredth of a carat.
When purchasing a ruby, you will buy based on a per carat basis, therefore the more the carat of the ruby the more expensive it will be. In addition,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as higher carat rubies are harder to find, there will be an extra premium to pay for them, as you are in effect paying for the rarity of the ruby.
The price per carat can range from around $1,000 to as high as $10,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],000 and is predominantly dependent on the origin of the ruby. As such, rubies from Burma, Brazil, Kashmir and Sri Lanka are often the most expensive.
Summary
In summary, it is essential to consider four main factors when purchasing the ruby of your dreams; evaluate each one in term weighting more heavily whichever feature is more essential instead of you. Do this and you won't go far wrong in buying a top-class ruby gemstone.